Uganda

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently discovered oil. Uganda has never conducted a national minerals survey. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. Since 1990 economic reforms ushered in an era of solid economic growth based on continued investment in infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, lower inflation, better domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Uganda has received about $2 billion in multilateral and bilateral debt relief. In 2007 Uganda received $10 million for a Millennium Challenge Account Threshold Program. The global economic downturn has hurt Uganda's exports; however, Uganda's GDP growth is still relatively strong due to past reforms and sound management of the downturn. Oil revenues and taxes will become a larger source of government funding as oil comes on line in the next few years. Instability in southern Sudan is the biggest risk for the Ugandan economy in 2011 because Uganda's main export partner is Sudan, and Uganda is a key destination for Sudanese refugees.

$42.15 billion (2010 est.)

$40.08 billion (2009 est.)

$37.37 billion (2008 est.)

$17.01 billion (2010 est.)

5.2% (2010 est.)

7.2% (2009 est.)

8.7% (2008 est.)

$1,300 (2010 est.)

$1,200 (2009 est.)

$1,200 (2008 est.)

15.51 million (2010 est.)

NA%

35% (2001 est.)

44.3 (2009)

45.7 (2002)

23.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

15% of GDP (2010 est.)

-3.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

21.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

20.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

4% (2010 est.)

13.4% (2009 est.)

14% (31 December 2010 est.)

9.65% (31 December 2009 est.)

20.17% (31 December 2010 est.)

20.96% (31 December 2009 est.)

$2.041 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$1.881 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$4.199 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$3.718 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$2.496 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$1.801 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$NA (31 December 2010)

$116.3 million (#REF!)

coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry

sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production

8.9% (2010 est.)

2.176 billion kWh (2008 est.)

1.958 billion kWh (2008 est.)

82.04 million kWh (2009)

82.04 million kWh (2009 est.)

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

14,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

13,770 bbl/day (2009 est.)

1 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)

0 cu m (2009 est.)

0 cu m (2009 est.)

0 cu m (2009 est.)

0 cu m (2009 est.)

14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

-$729.1 million (2010 est.)

-$1.064 billion (2009 est.)

$2.164 billion (2010 est.)

$2.327 billion (2009 est.)

coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold

Sudan 15.3%, Kenya 10.2%, Rwanda 8.5%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7.8%, UAE 7.7%, Netherlands 6.4%, Germany 5.4%, Belgium 4.1% (2010)

$4.264 billion (2010 est.)

$3.787 billion (2009 est.)

capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals

Kenya 17.1%, UAE 14.1%, China 8.5%, India 8.2%, South Africa 6.2%, Japan 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2010)

$2.96 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$2.995 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$2.938 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$2.49 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$NA

$NA

Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar -

2,166 (2010)

2,030 (2009)

1,658.1 (2008)

1,685.8 (2007)

1,834.9 (2006)

327,100 (2010)

12.828 million (2010)

public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and television networks; Uganda first began licensing privately-owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007 there were nearly 150 radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available in Kampala (2007)

.ug

19,927 (2010)

3.2 million (2009)

46 (2010)

(there are no long navigable stretches of river in Uganda; parts of the Albert Nile that flow out of Lake Albert in the northwestern part of the country are navigable; several lakes including Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga have substantial traffic; Lake Albert is navigable along a 200-km stretch from its northern tip to its southern shores) (2009)

Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell

Uganda Peoples Defense Force (UPDF): Army (includes Marine Unit), Uganda Air Force (2010)

18-26 years of age for voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; no conscription; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that recruitment under 18 years of age could occur with proper consent and that "no person under the apparent age of 13 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces"; Ugandan citizenship and secondary education required (2010)

2.2% of GDP (2006)

Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders; Uganda hosts 209,860 Sudanese, 27,560 Congolese, and 19,710 Rwandan refugees, while Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Garamba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border